This comprehensive guide to testosterone testing provides you with detailed information on the key role of the hormone in male health, including a step-by-step guide to different testing methods and valuable insights into the meaning and interpretation of the test results.
In the dynamic world of men's health, the importance of the hormone testosterone is often not fully recognized or given sufficient prominence. Despite its central role in many aspects of male physiology and well-being, a comprehensive understanding of the effects of testosterone and its management remains an area of underdeveloped awareness in many aspects of healthcare and education. This gap in health awareness underscores the need to emphasize the importance of testosterone and its impact on men's health to facilitate holistic care and treatment.
Testosterone, the primary male sex hormone, plays a vital role in various aspects of physical and mental health. It influences libido, muscle mass, bone density, fat distribution, and even mood. Furthermore, testosterone is crucial for a man's overall well-being and quality of life. But what happens when testosterone levels are out of balance? How does this affect health and daily life? This is where Adon Health comes in: We have specifically designed our laboratory tests to identify the essential laboratory parameters that are central to understanding and diagnosing testosterone deficiency. Our focus is on providing a comprehensive picture of testosterone levels through precise and informative testing procedures, enabling informed health care and treatment for men.
In this comprehensive article, we'll guide you through the testosterone testing process. From initial considerations to a detailed analysis of the test results, this article will walk you through every step of the process.
What is a testosterone test?
A testosterone test is a medical examination that measures the amount of testosterone in the blood. Testosterone, often referred to as the "male" sex hormone, plays a vital role in the bodies of both men and women, with men producing larger amounts (Nassar & Leslie, 2023) . This hormone is produced by the testes in men, the ovaries in women, and the adrenal glands, which sit above the kidneys (Vierhapper et al., 1997) . There are several forms of testosterone in our blood that can be measured to diagnose certain health problems. Most testosterone is bound to proteins (Bhasin et al., 2017) . These proteins prevent the testosterone from being immediately used by tissues, thus controlling the amount of "active" testosterone in the body. Testosterone that is not bound to proteins is called free testosterone and acts directly on tissues.
There are three types of blood tests that measure these different forms of testosterone:
- The total testosterone test measures both free testosterone and protein-bound testosterone. This is the most common type of test in everyday practice.
- The free testosterone test measures only the "active" form of testosterone. This test is less common but can be useful for diagnosing certain medical conditions.
- The bioavailable testosterone test measures free testosterone and testosterone that is loosely bound to a blood protein called albumin. This test is not frequently performed. However, like the free testosterone test, it can be helpful in diagnosing certain medical conditions.
Direct measurement of free testosterone is often unnecessary, as a relatively accurate estimate can be achieved using a formula. For this estimate, it is sufficient to determine total testosterone as well as a few additional laboratory values (Vermeulen et al., 1999) .
Preparation for the testosterone test
Preparing for a testosterone test involves choosing the testing method and having a basic understanding of the available options. There are various methods for measuring testosterone levels, and the choice depends on personal preference, availability, and sometimes medical recommendations.
Here are the main options:
- Testosterone test at the (family) doctor's office: This is a common method in which a blood sample is taken and analyzed in a laboratory. The (family) doctor can also offer comprehensive advice and support, especially if a testosterone deficiency is suspected or when it comes to interpreting the results and determining the next steps.
- Testosterone testing at the pharmacy: Some pharmacies offer test kits that allow you to measure your testosterone levels at home. These kits usually include simple instructions for collecting the sample (often a saliva sample) and sending it to a laboratory.
- Testosterone testing at home: There are various home test kits that can be purchased online. These kits usually contain all the necessary materials for sample collection and instructions for returning the sample for analysis.
Before taking a testosterone test, you should find out about the costs. These can vary depending on the test method and provider. It's also important to note that different test methods measure different types of testosterone (for example, total testosterone or free testosterone), which can affect the results. From a medical perspective, it's recommended to take the tests in the morning before 11 a.m., as testosterone levels can fluctuate throughout the day and are highest in the morning (Brambilla et al., 2009) . Proper preparation for the test and taking into account factors such as the time of day, diet, and current medications can improve the accuracy of the test result. It's also important to discuss the test results with a medical professional, as low testosterone levels can have various causes and require appropriate diagnosis and treatment.
Why a testosterone test might be important for you
A testosterone test can play a crucial role in identifying and treating hormonal imbalances, especially in men experiencing symptoms such as fatigue, decreased libido, or mood swings (Hintikka et al., 2009) . Such symptoms could indicate a testosterone deficiency, and a comprehensive testosterone test provides insight into the actual testosterone levels in the body. Determining testosterone levels through a testosterone test is not only relevant for diagnosing testosterone deficiency but also for planning effective treatment. Accurate measurement of testosterone levels, whether through a testosterone test at a doctor's office or a home test, allows for the development of individually tailored therapies. Therefore, it is essential that men experiencing symptoms of testosterone deficiency consider a testosterone test to monitor and manage their hormonal health. With the various testing options available, it is easier than ever to proactively manage one's hormonal health.
Symptoms and signs of testosterone deficiency
Symptoms of low testosterone can be varied and affect different areas of a man's well-being and health. Low testosterone, also known medically as hypogonadism, can cause physical, emotional, and sexual health problems. The most common symptoms include:
- Reduced libido: One of the most noticeable signs of testosterone deficiency is a decreased interest in sexual activity (Hintikka et al., 2009) .
- Erectile problems: Testosterone stimulates receptors in the brain to produce nitric oxide, a molecule that helps trigger an erection. A deficiency can therefore lead to difficulties in achieving or maintaining an erection (Wang et al., 2000) .
- Reduced sperm production: Testosterone plays a key role in sperm production. A deficiency can lead to a reduced sperm count and potentially to infertility.
- Fatigue and lack of energy: Men with testosterone deficiency often report general fatigue and a lack of energy (Wang et al., 2000) .
- Loss of muscle mass: Testosterone helps build and maintain muscle mass. A deficiency can therefore lead to the breakdown of muscle tissue (Bhasin et al., 1997) .
- Increase in body fat: An imbalance between testosterone and estrogen can lead to an increase in body fat in men, especially in the abdominal area (Wittert et al., 2003) .
- Mood swings: Testosterone influences mood. Low levels can lead to depressive moods, irritability, or lack of concentration (Hintikka et al., 2009) .
- Changes in bones: Long-term testosterone deficiency can reduce bone density, increasing the risk of osteoporosis and bone fractures (Fink et al., 2006) .
The testing process and its significance
Performing a testosterone test typically involves taking a blood sample, which is then sent to a specialized laboratory for analysis. These tests are highly precise, as they are essential for diagnosis and subsequent treatment planning. It is important to note that various factors, such as the time of day and an individual's lifestyle, can influence test results. To obtain accurate results, the testosterone test should be performed in the morning, as testosterone levels naturally fluctuate throughout the day. The morning hours, between 8 and 10 a.m., provide the most stable basis for an accurate measurement (Brambilla et al., 2009) .
Furthermore, lifestyle factors, including diet, physical activity, and stress levels, can also affect testosterone levels (Xiong et al., 2021) . For example, it's advisable to avoid excessive stress and physical exertion before the test, as these factors can influence hormone levels. Maintaining a normal sleep pattern before the test is also recommended. Inform your doctor about any medications, supplements, and health conditions you are taking, as these can also affect testosterone levels. Following a proper diet before the test can also be important. Certain foods and dietary habits can influence hormone levels. Avoid alcohol consumption and be aware that certain foods, such as soy or highly processed foods, can affect hormone production.
The test results are then analyzed by medical experts who assess not only the testosterone level itself, but also its relationship to other hormones and health indicators. This comprehensive analysis provides a detailed picture of the patient's hormonal status and, if necessary, allows for the planning of an individually tailored treatment.
At Adon Health, we use capillary blood tests, which allow you to conveniently collect a few drops of blood from your fingertip at home. Special test kits are provided for this purpose, and the results are then analyzed in a specialized laboratory. This analysis measures not only your total testosterone level but also other important laboratory parameters necessary for accurate diagnosis and proper medical interpretation. After an initial consultation with a doctor, a further laboratory test is performed before starting testosterone replacement therapy. This test serves to confirm the diagnosis of testosterone deficiency and to rule out any contraindications for testosterone replacement therapy.
Understand results and act
Interpreting testosterone test results is a crucial step in the diagnostic process. It is important to understand that testosterone levels must be considered in relation to age-specific reference ranges. Both total and free testosterone levels must be taken into account. Total testosterone includes both protein-bound and free testosterone. Normal values for total testosterone can vary depending on the laboratory, but are typically in the range of approximately 300 to 1,000 nanograms per deciliter (ng/dL) (Friedrich et al., 2008) . Values below this range may indicate testosterone deficiency.
Free testosterone, which acts directly on cells and is not bound to proteins, is an important indicator of the bioavailable amount of testosterone in the body. A low level of free testosterone can indicate hypogonadism or other health problems, even with normal total testosterone levels. The final assessment of testosterone levels should always be made in the context of other diagnostic information, such as clinical symptoms, medical history, and other laboratory results. It is essential to interpret the results in relation to the individual patient's health status and age. If your testosterone level is outside the normal range, it is important to discuss the next steps with a qualified healthcare provider. Treatment options can vary depending on the cause of the testosterone abnormality and individual circumstances. These can range from lifestyle changes and medication to specific hormone replacement therapies.
Our conclusion, your knowledge
A testosterone deficiency can have profound effects on various aspects of a man's health and well-being. This hormone plays a central role in many bodily functions, including muscle and bone growth, sexual function, mood, and energy levels. An imbalanced testosterone level can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, mood swings, decreased libido, unexplained weight gain, and difficulty building muscle.
Therefore, a testosterone test is a crucial tool for gaining a sound understanding of your hormonal health. With the precise results of this test, you can work with medical experts to identify potential hormonal imbalances and take appropriate action. This could range from lifestyle changes and dietary adjustments to testosterone replacement therapy, depending on individual needs and the specific test results.
Knowing your testosterone levels empowers you to take proactive steps toward a healthier and more balanced life. You'll be better equipped to proactively monitor your health and identify potential risks early on. With Adon Health, you have access to a comprehensive treatment approach tailored to your individual needs, addressing both your physical and mental well-being. Support from experienced medical professionals ensures targeted and effective treatment aimed at restoring balance to your body and sustainably improving your quality of life.
